Preheat the oven to 350 F. Brown the ground beef in a skillet over medium-high heat until no pink is left.
Add the diced red and green bell peppers, chopped onion, and garlic. Stir and cook for 5-7 minutes until crumbly.
Add ketchup, tomatoes, mustard, brown sugar, salt, and pepper, and stir. Cover, and simmer over low heat for about 10 minutes.
Cook the corn and pasta in boiling water. This can be done in one or two different pots. Drain.
Add the drained corn, pasta, and grated cheese to the skillet and stir.
Place everything in a 9x13-inch baking dish and bake for 20 minutes.